Implementation of a Multi-Representation Approach to Enhance Students’ Learning Outcomes in Rigid Body Equilibrium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26877/lpt.v5i2.571Keywords:
multi-representation approach, learning outcomes, cognitive load, rigid body equilibriumAbstract
The equilibrium of rigid bodies is often regarded as a difficult topic in physics education as it requires a complex integration of verbal understanding, visualisation of force diagrams, and mathematical formulation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the multi-representation approach (MRA) in improving students’ cognitive learning outcomes on this subject matter. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-post-test design involving 20 students in Class 11 at SMA Negeri 2 Tomohon. The research instrument consisted of a validated essay test using Aiken’s V coefficient and the Content Validity Ratio. Data were analysed using a paired t-test and the normalised gain score. The results showed a significant increase in the mean learning outcome score, from 55.50 in the pre-test to 75.85 in the post-test. Statistical analysis yielded a t_count=13.81 that exceeds t_tabel=2.09, indicating a rejection of the null hypothesis. An N-Gain score of 0.62 places the effectiveness of the intervention in the ‘Moderate’ category. These findings demonstrate that the MRA effectively minimises students’ cognitive load by providing a transitional bridge from visual representations (Free Body Diagram) to accurate mathematical solutions. This study recommends the use of MRA as an essential instructional strategy to enhance conceptual understanding of abstract mechanics material.
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Data Availability Statement
The research instruments and validation data supporting the findings of this study are included within the article's Appendices. The raw dataset containing individual student scores is not publicly available due to privacy and ethical restrictions. However, anonymized data summaries can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Garry Andreas Ludong, Aswin Hermanus Mandolang, Jeferson Polii, Kenny Setiawan Lahope (Author)
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