Publication Ethics

This journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractice. This statement is based on the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) Core Practices and applies to all parties involved in the publication process, including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher.
 

1. Ethical Guidelines

 
This journal is committed to maintaining integrity, transparency, and academic honesty in all stages of the publication process. All stakeholders involved in publishing must adhere to the ethical standards outlined by COPE.
The journal does not tolerate any form of:
  • Plagiarism
  • Data fabrication or falsification
  • Multiple submissions and redundant publications
  • Citation manipulation
  • Violations of research ethics involving human or animal subjects
All submitted manuscripts are subject to similarity checking. Any suspected ethical misconduct will be handled in accordance with COPE procedures, which may include correction, retraction, or other necessary actions.
 

2. Authors’ Responsibilities

 
Authors are required to comply with the following ethical responsibilities:
  1. Originality and Plagiarism. Authors must ensure that their submitted work is entirely original. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given.
  2. Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication. Authors should not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously.
  3. Reporting Standards. Authors must present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance.
  4. Data Access and Retention. Authors should retain raw data and be prepared to provide access for verification. Data deposition in reputable repositories is encouraged.
  5. Authorship of the Paper. Authorship should be limited to those who have made significant contributions. All co-authors must approve the final manuscript.
  6. Acknowledgment of Sources. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given.
  7. Conflict of Interest. All authors must disclose any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest.
  8. Ethical Oversight. Research involving human participants must clearly state ethical approval and informed consent procedures.
  9. Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools. Authors may use Generative AI tools responsibly to support scholarly work (e.g., idea exploration, language improvement, literature exploration, or technical assistance), provided such use does not replace core academic responsibilities and is transparently disclosed in the manuscript. AI tools may not be listed as authors.
  10. Fundamental Errors in Published Works. Authors must promptly notify the editor if significant errors are discovered and cooperate in corrective actions.
 

3. Editors’ Responsibilities

 
Editors are responsible for ensuring the integrity of the publication process and are required to:
  1. Publication Decisions. Decisions are based on academic merit and relevance.
  2. Fair Play. Manuscripts are evaluated solely on intellectual content.
  3. Confidentiality. Editors must not disclose information about submitted manuscripts.
  4. Conflicts of Interest. Editors must recuse themselves where conflicts exist.
  5. Handling Ethical Misconduct. Editors follow COPE guidelines in addressing complaints.
 

4. Reviewers’ Responsibilities

 
Reviewers play a critical role in the peer-review process and are required to:
  1. Contribution to Editorial Decisions. Peer review assists editorial decisions.
  2. Confidentiality. Manuscripts must be treated as confidential.
  3. Objectivity. Reviews should be objective and constructive.
  4. Acknowledgment of Sources. Relevant uncited work should be identified.
  5. Conflict of Interest. Reviewers must decline reviews where conflicts exist.
 

5. Ethical Approval and Informed Consent

 
  • Research involving human participants must adhere to ethical principles.
  • Ethical approval must be clearly stated in the manuscript.
  • Informed consent must be obtained and participant confidentiality protected.
  • If approval is not required, justification must be provided.
 

6. Conflict of Interest Policy

 
All participants in the publication process must disclose potential conflicts of interest.
  • Authors must include a Conflict of Interest Statement.
  • Editors and reviewers must withdraw from conflicted manuscripts.
  • Post-publication conflicts may result in corrections or other actions.
 

7. Plagiarism Policy and Misconduct Handling

 
  • All manuscripts are screened using similarity-detection tools.
  • Plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, is strictly prohibited.
 

8. Handling Allegations of Misconduct:

 
  1. Before Publication. Manuscripts may be rejected or returned for clarification.
  2. After Publication. The journal may issue:
    • a correction (erratum/corrigendum),
    • a retraction, or
    • other appropriate editorial actions.
The journal follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines in handling retractions and post-publication corrections.

Handling Allegations of Misconduct: