Tepo Asa Aroa as a Contextual Ethical–Relational Framework in School Counseling: A Phenomenological Study in Multicultural School Settings

Abstract

This study examines Tepo Asa Aroa as a contextual ethical–relational framework in school counseling services within a multicultural Indonesian setting. Using a qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, data were collected from three school counselors and ten students through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that Tepo Asa Aroa is internalized as a relational philosophy that shapes counseling interactions through five dimensions: emotional–spiritual, collaborative, harmonious, inclusive, and integrity. These dimensions foster trust, openness, and student engagement, thereby strengthening working alliance and enhancing counseling effectiveness. The study demonstrates that local cultural values can translate universal ethical principles into culturally meaningful practices in collectivistic contexts. The findings contribute to the development of culturally responsive school counseling by providing an operational ethical–relational model grounded in local wisdom.